Newly industrializing countries and other late starter developing countries are now well assimilated that Technology is the engine of growth for any economy-developing. Technology-led growth process has enable many of the erstwhile-impoverished countries of South America and Asia to achieve the ranks of Newly Industrializing Countries (NIC) and Newly Agro-industrializing Countries (NAC) Physics resource limitation within those countries were no longer regarded as constraints for their overall development. Technology touches every face of societal development and human understanding. The rule of technology in developed countries is now well recognized. The application of new technology brings increase in productivity and growth of economy. In some of the newly industrializing countries it has been observed that societies attitudinal constraints and paucity of human resources have been over come through deliberate policy and planning initiatives which have propelled them through the desired technology change. Technological backwardness may be traced to attitudes evolving out of historical event, relative scarcity of resources and lack of planning system. Here it is notable that newly industrializing countries have clearly shown that political commitment is the single most determinant of technology based development.
Before going into the discussion it is important to appreciate the four basic components of technology. Viz (a) Technoware : this is the object embodies from of technology related to factories, machines, tools etc (b) Humanware : this is the human embodies from of technology which is concerned with skills innovativeness and creativity. (c) inforware : This is the document embodied accumulated knowledge or information which is in the from theories, designs, blue prints, manuals etc. (d) Orgaware : The organization frameworks which connects all the other three components of technology and incoudes production arrangements, linkage, organizations etc.
All four component of technology are interdependent, complementary and have a circular relationship. Development should ensure growth in all the four components simultaneously.
Successful developing countries have utilized a judicious policy for the development and promotion activities are some of the prerequisite for technology led development effort in the developing countries. Policy packages should be framed with a view to paving the way of technology transfer with it appropriateness.
Technology transfer means importation of technology based on mutuality of interest. Carefully consideration of assessments of technology, acquisition of technology adoption technology transfer successful and fruitful. Appropriate technology means science in application to meet the needs and development goals of a country.
Make some-buy some this conjoint strategy has been followed at a development policy. There are implicit references to technology in the constitution of the republic. Individuals and some institution commitments to technology provide sub-optiomal effort. Through legitimage from public and enterprises should be set up on a parallel way for it rapid expansion.
Ensuing optimism is that some real fast emerging hi-tech are holding out great promise for the twenty-first century. VIZ, (a) Micro-electronics (Computer Science), (b) Molecular biology (based on genetic engineering, microbiology), (c) photonics (related to lasers and fiber optics), (d) Composite material’s (high temperature superconductor). Therefore, despite leap-frog policy research and development work should be set up to catch up these technologies.
In Bangladesh agriculture sector contributes about 35% of GDP and employs about 45% of labour force. Major recognizable agricultural technologies are biotechnology-improving seeds and bredds, chemical technology related to fertilizer and insecticides, land augmenting technology in the water management and mechanical technology concern with machine and engine. Development and diffusion of these technologies are inadequate and import oriented. By modern methods agriculture yield can be increased 400% to 500%.
About 10% of GDP employing about 15% to 18% of labour contributed by the Industrial sector. Heavy and medium large-scale industries like dockyards, locomotive, fertilizer, lather, paper, power and cement industrial have sut up under import orientation basic.
Technology of extraction of coal exploration and development of natural gas depend upon alien assistance. If all the indigenous component of technologies adopted they enable the economy to lunch towards full employment and sustained development attained. Capital intensive industrial technology yield increasing returns of scale and earns sucio-cultural and structural change from rural to urban state. Information collection processing and dissemination system are not well development in all sectors. It needs a lot of attention for integral development. Educated skill and healthy manpower constitute the base for technical advancement. Through the development of humanware and inforware we can reach to the peak of overall emancipation.
Honesty is the first chaper in the book of wisdom.
-President Thomas Jefferson
Written by
Gulshan Ara
Former Lecturer, Department of Management
No comments:
Post a Comment